River Water Testing

1. Introduction to River Water Testing

A river refers to precipitation or water emerging from underground that collects in surface depressions and flows along channels formed by the water itself under the influence of gravity, either continuously or periodically. Rivers can be classified based on various principles; according to their discharge destinations, they are categorized into inland rivers and outflow rivers. Inland rivers flow into inland lakes or swamps, or disappear into deserts due to seepage and evaporation, while outflow rivers discharge into the ocean.

2. Water Quality Evaluation Factors

Sensory factors: such as taste, odor, color, transparency, turbidity, suspended solids, total solids, etc.

Oxygen balance factors: such as DO (dissolved oxygen), COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), TOC (total organic carbon), TOD (total oxygen demand), etc.

Nutrient factors: such as ammonia NH3-, nitrate N, phosphate PO4-, etc.

Toxic substance factors: such as phenol, mercury, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, organochlorines, etc.

Microbiological factors: such as E. coli.

3. Testing Parameters

Mandatory parameters: water temperature, pH, suspended solids, total hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, volatile phenol, fluoride, sulfate, chloride, hexavalent chromium, total mercury, total arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, coliform bacteria.

Optional parameters: sulfide, salinity, non-ionic ammonia, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved iron, total manganese, total zinc, selenium, petroleum hydrocarbons, anionic surfactants, organochlorine pesticides, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene compounds, total organic carbon, etc.