Radiation protection glass primarily refers to glass that has a significant absorption capacity for γ-rays and X-rays. When γ-rays or X-rays enter the protective glass, the energy of the incoming γ-rays or X-rays is reduced due to the photoelectric effect, the generation of electron-positron pairs, and the creation of excited and free-state electrons within the glass, thereby decreasing their penetration power and providing a protective effect.

       As the density of radiation protection glass increases, its corresponding capability also increases accordingly. The density of glass used for protection against γ-rays is typically no less than 4.5g/cm³. In recent years, glass with a density of 6.2–6.5g/cm³ has begun to be used, with the ZF series being commonly employed.