Molybdenum disilicide composites belong to metallic compounds and are a type of new material between metals and ceramics. Their typical representatives include molybdenum disilicide heating elements and molybdenum disilicide powder coatings. As an important high-temperature heating material and structural material, molybdenum disilicide has attracted international interest in the materials community due to its stable physical properties at high temperatures. Over the past decade, it has become a research hotspot in high-temperature structural ceramics. Molybdenum disilicide not only possesses properties such as high melting point, low density, high-temperature oxidation resistance, and thermal corrosion resistance, but also exhibits good high-temperature toughness. Therefore, it is regarded as one of the promising high-temperature materials. Currently, research on molybdenum disilicide both domestically and internationally focuses on areas such as high-temperature heating elements, high-temperature structural materials, and functional coating materials.
       When molybdenum disilicide electric heating elements (molybdenum silicide rods) are used in an oxidizing atmosphere, a dense and gas-tight glassy silicon dioxide film forms on the surface. This silicon dioxide film reduces the diffusion of oxygen into the interior, effectively preventing further oxidation of the molybdenum silicide rods. This is the reason why molybdenum silicide rods can maintain a long high-temperature service life in an oxidizing atmosphere. Therefore, the quality and stability of the protective film on the surface of molybdenum silicide rods at high temperatures are of great significance to the performance of molybdenum disilicide. Additionally, the high- and low-temperature mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance, and hot-cold end bonding performance of molybdenum disilicide are also important factors affecting its usability.